Day :
- Automotive Human Factors and Ergonomics, Digital techniques in Automotive Manufacturing Process, Advanced Safety Technologies, Fuel Economy and Emissions, Manufacturing Technologies and Testing, Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) Engineering, Vehicle Design and In-Vehicle Electronics
Location: Meliá Valencia
Chair
Dr. Lara Carlson
University of New England
Co-Chair
Dr. Kadir Aydin
Çukurova University
Session Introduction
Kadir Genc
Valeo Automotive Systems Industry, Turkey
Title: Development of stamping technology in automotive and production speed calculations
Time : 11:10 - 11:30
Biography:
Kadir Genc has completed his Mechanical Engineering at the age of 25 years from Zonguldak Karaelmas University and he is a student of Msc on Automotive Engineering at Bursa Uludag University and Business Administration student at Eskisehir Anadolu University now (Double Major Programme). He is Production Supervisor of Valeo, an automotive systems company. He has published this article at a technical university in Turkey due to approvement of impartial technical arbitration tribunal.
Abstract:
Automotive industry has developed rapidly in the last 50 years but before this development; machinery was the most important substructure for this industry. For the centuries, people found new resources for living an easy life but to reach them, transportation was the first degree requirement. So they developed engines to do that. After that they make covers and seats to use it for transportation. In the beginning of this, they used hammers to make covers. Humankind liked this easiness and some people had this vehicles. But it’s not enough to produce this vehicle for everybody. That’s they started to develop machinery and it’s called by ‘press’. This system was enough to give shape to the steels and other components by minimum labor but they saw that big parts need strong transportation. So they developed robots to decrease labor for transportation. By the time robot technology was not enough the reach the production speed they want. So transfer press’s been developed. In this development safety was more important than the speed. So automotive industry started to use more strong steels for production. But cold stamping press was not enough strong to produce that. So they developed hot stamping technology. This research summaries; technology and automation development in manufacturing, their technical details, softwares and their history, safety improvements in all the time, methods on increasing production speed. That’s why some calculations and formulas’ve been created to improve these values. All formulas and calculations’ve been created by this article owner Kadir Genc.
Sergei Gontscharov
Universität Bremen, Germany
Title: Innovation for Future Mobility Concepts: An Automatic Damage Identification System
Time : 12:30 - 12:50
Biography:
Mr. Sergei Gontscharov received his degree at the Universität Bremen at the age of 28. He started his doctoral research work in 2012. Currently, he is a scientific researcher in the working group "Automotive Electronic Systems" at the Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM), Universität Bremen. He has published more than 10 papers at German and international conferences and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute. His dissertation deals with the algorithm design for a subsequent reasoning framework stage in an application for minor damage identification in vehicle’s electronic control unit.
Abstract:
An automatic damage identification system in vehicles helps car sharing and car rental companies to monitor damage as it happens and to attribute it to a responsible person. The working group "Automotive Electronic Systems" at the Institute of Electrodynamics and Microelectronics (ITEM), Universität Bremen, initiated in early 2012 the joint project KESS – Konfigurierbares Elektronisches SchadenidentifikationsSystem, engl.: Configurable Electronic Damage Identification System – funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The innovative damage identification system developed in this project offers transparency to car sharing/car rental businesses and their customers. KESS detects and documents in real time minor damages - such as dents and scratches - that happen during usage a car through the customer or through vandalism. First, a technical overview about the complete workflow in such a system is part of talk. Starting with the detected raw signals of structure-borne sounds (sensor data acquisition), through to signal evaluation and algorithmic assessment of the characteristic indicators for damage (signal filtering and feature extraction), to wireless data transmission of the registered damage to the damage management system of the car fleet owner (information flow and communication). This contribution focuses on two different approaches for algorithm design of the subsequent reasoning framework stage in a main electronic unit. Both ways make it easier to decide which final result of the damage assessment should be transmitted to the fleet management server.
Xavier Guerrero-Pich
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
Title: Numerical Study on Active Flow Control using Synthetic Jet Actuators over a NACA 4421 Airfoil
Time : 10:40 - 11:00
Biography:
Ing. Xavier Guerrero has obtained at the age of 21 his Bachelor degree in Aeronautical Engineering at ETSEIAT-UPC. Dr. Ing. JM Bergadà . Mechanical Engineer (1990), PhD in Mechanical Engineering (1996). From 1990 to 2010 his research field was Fluid Power, having spent over 10 years 2000-2010, collaborating with the Mechanical Engineering department at Cardiff University UK. During the last 5 years 2010-2015, his research focuses on theoretical and computational Fluid Mechanics. He has over 25 years of experience at UPC Fluid Mechanics Department. Dr. David del Campo Aerospace Engineer. PhD in Fluid Mechanics. Lecturer at the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering of the Technical University of Catalonia (Terrassa, Spain). His main research area is Computational Fluid Dynamics applied to flow control devices. Dr. Vanessa Del Campo has been working for the Aerospace Department at the UPC (Barcelona) for more than six years. PhD on experimental Aerodynamics and Wind Turbines, carried out at Rutgers University (USA) and TUDelft (Holland). She is actually investigating flow control devices within the Research Group L’Aire. She studied Aerospace Engineering at the UPM (Madrid) and RWTH (Aachen).
Abstract:
This paper presents the effects of using a Zero Net Mass Flux actuator (ZNMF) on a baseline 21-percent thick NACA 4421 airfoil for stall delay. The first part of the study presents the comparison of the CFD simulations with the available experimental data of the airfoil without considering the actuation of ZNMF. A very good agreement of the CFD simulations was obtained for the lift curve, therefore validating the CFD model used. The original lift curve presented a stall around 13º angle of attack, this is why a range of angles of attack (α) near this value were studied at 7º ≤𛼠≤ 14º. In the second part of the study, the ZNMF was set up in the airfoil. The slot position was located at 17% of the chord, while its length was established in 2 mm. The ZNMF performance was studied at three different frequencies (ð‘“=45 ð»ð‘§,250 ð»ð‘§,500 ð»ð‘§), the lower one corresponds to the shedding frequency when the angle of attack was 7º. During the study the following parameters were kept constant, Reynolds number based on the chord length was ð‘…ð‘’=3•106, velocity ratio was ð‘‰ð‘šð‘’ð‘Žð‘›ð‘ˆâˆž=0.701, and momentum coefficient based on the half period mean velocity, was ð‘ðœ‡=0.03%. The results show a separation point downstream displacement of 4% versus the original position, whenever the frequency was 45 Hz, the rest of the frequencies studied produced an upstream displacement of the separation point. In addition, when studying the lift coefficient under dynamic conditions, it was observed that the oscillation amplitude suffered a small decrease when the ZNMF actuation frequency was 45 Hz.
Veronel George Jacota
Universitatea Politehnica din București, Romania
Title: Evaluation the dissipated energy by the automobile dampers
Time : 12:50 - 13:10
Biography:
Veronel-George Jacota has completed his master at the age of 25 years from Universitatea Politehnica din București. Since the 2014 he is the PhD at the Polytechnic University of Bucharest, in the field of Automotive Engineering, in first year, where the domain is represented by the recovery of dissipated energy by the automotive suspension dampers. For this activity he has developed an interest regarding the fuel consumption, using the innovative and sustainable technical definitions, to create the new competitive cars who complies the latest pollution requirements. Actually his workplace is the designer of gearbox external gearshift, at the Renault Technologies Romania.
Abstract:
The automotive industry is one of the most important sectors of the global economy, where the number of cars manufactured increase every year. Attracting the new customers, selling a larger number of models and respect the pollution standards, require the changes for all the cars subassemblies. Each subset of the car is itself a source of recovery the energy. From braking system until the aerodynamics, the car manufacturers trying to reduce the fuel consumption, without affecting the dynamics performances. The most important directions adopted in this sense are represented by the car weight reducing, solution applied for the engine, using the modern transmission and the hybrid traction systems, optimization the aerodynamic, reducing the rolling resistance of the tires. All these improvements can reduce the fuel consumption between 2% and 40%, but with financial and intellectual efforts, until the price of the new technologies becomes accessible for the car manufactures and the customers. One of the automotive subassemblies who represent a potential continuously source of power is represented by the suspensions dampers, as long the car is in motion. The energy dissipated by the dampers suspensions can be converted into electrical energy using an electric generator instead damper or can be converted into pressure energy by using a pneumatic or hydraulic system. The parameters used to appreciate the dissipated energy are: the road profile, the car parameters, the suspension parameters and the simulation conditions. The road profile contain two components: the microstructure, who is represented by the road irregularities and the macrostructure, who is characterized by the longitudinal gradients and radius. The combination of these combination provide 27 road profiles, characterized by the maximum speed. The car parameters contain the masses and the longitudinal position of the mass center. The suspension parameters include the masses, suspension spring rate, suspension damping, tire stiffness tire damping and the road excitation. The simulation conditions contain the length of road, cross profile, speed variation. Simulation of suspension system and evaluation of dissipated energy by the system highlights the potential of the car operation mode, where the suspension can provide a significant amount of power. A roughness road profile and a car with elastic suspension springs and stiff dampers can provide significant energy. This energy varies between 4% and 8% of the energy consumed by the engine vehicle, considering the road speed profiles below 60 km/h and a vehicle with reduced rolling resistance and drag coefficient.
Diana Reich
Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
Title: Comparison of Immersive and Non-Immersive Driving Task Environments
Time : 10:40 - 11:10
Biography:
Diana Reich has completed her bachelor degree in Psychology at the TU Chemnitz and her master degree in Human Factors at the TU Berlin in Germany. She received a doctoral scholarship from the DFG and is part of the research training group `prometei`. Due to her supervisor she is also related to the TU Berlin and Fraunhofer IPK, where she is working as a team member on the Digital Cube Test Center (DCTC). This year she will finish her PhD in the field of virtual and immersive driving environments.
Abstract:
To provide reliable and valid findings while prospective evaluations in the automotive context highly realistic driving environments are recommended. Nowadays, in-car devices are mainly evaluated with driving simulator experiments followed by real car driving studies. Driving simulators are characterized by high internal validity, but lack regarding ecological validity. Real car driving experiments are ecologically valid, but difficult to standardize, more time consuming and expensive. One economizing suggestion is to implement more immersive driving environment when applying driving simulator experiments. This paper discusses research investigating the influence of immersive and non-immersive experimental set ups while performing the Lane Change Task (LCT; ISO, 2008). The task consists of a sequence of lane change maneuvers while driving with a fixed speed of 60 km/h on a three-lane road. Hereby, the immersive mode of visualization (Oculus Rift©) was characterized by stereoscopic 3D view, stereo car sound, 360° head tracking, and approximately 100° field of view. The non-immersive mode of visualization (Laptop) was characterized by 2D view, stereo car sound, no head tracking, and a 75° field of view. Twenty participants took part in the comparative study. Subjective data show advantages regarding presence experience when performing the LCT with the Oculus Rift©, but affect adversely cognitive workload, situation awareness and simulator sickness, compared to a non-immersive PC set up. To sum up, findings of the comparative study lead us to conclude that immersive driving environments are useful to ensure a more realistic impression of the situation, but need to be improved regarding technical issues.
Maik Auricht
Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
Title: Measuring User Experience during a driving simulation with MINARGUS
Time : 11:30 - 11:50
Biography:
Maik Auricht has completed his studies at the age of 26 years at the Technische Universitaet Berlin. Currently he is the Chief Engineer at the Chair of Industrial Information Technology. His major research fields are Automotive Engineering, User Experience and Driving Simulation.
Abstract:
Maik Auricht has completed his studies at the age of 26 years at the Technische Universitaet Berlin. Currently he is the Chief Engineer at the Chair of Industrial Information Technology. His major research fields are Automotive Engineering, User Experience and Driving Simulation.
Ceyla Özgür
Çukurova University, Turkey
Title: Effects of SCR System on NOx Reductıon in Heavy Duty Dıesel Engıne Fuelled wıth Diesel and Alcohol Blends
Time : 11:40 - 12:00
Biography:
Ceyla Özgür was born in Antakya/TURKEY in 1983. She is a PhD student and has been working as a specialist at the Automotive Engineering Department of Çukurova University since 2015.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SCR System on NOx reduction in heavy duty diesel engine fuelled with diesel and alcohol blends. The experimental tests were conducted in a 6-cylinder, turbocharged heavy duty diesel engine at full load. In the tests diesel, ethanol, methanol and butanol were used as fuel. The alcohol fuel blends were prepared by mixing low sulphur diesel at volumetric rates of between 5 to 15%. The test results showed that SCR system reduce the NOx emissions 42.6% for diesel fuel. The maximum reduction of NOx (43.43%) was achieved with 15% methanol–85% diesel fuel (D85M15) blend.
Tamar Ben-Bassat
Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Israel
Title: Israeli and American traffic signs – similarities, differences and compliance with ergonomic principles of signs design
Time : 11:50 - 12:10
Biography:
Tamar Ben-Bassat has a PhD in Industrial Engineering & Management from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. For the last 5 years, she is a college professor at SCE – Shamoon College of Engineering - and since 2014 also served as a senior researcher at Israel National Road Safety Authority. Her expertise is in human factors in road safety.
Abstract:
Previous studies showed high and statistically significant correlations between traffic signs comprehension and the signs\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' compliance with ergonomic guidelines for good design - sign-content compatibility, familiarity, and standardization (e.g., Shinar, 2003; Ben-Bassat and Shinar, 2006). It was found that the sign\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s familiarity had the most substantial effect on comprehension. These findings raised the question as to whether a tourist who drives in a foreign country understands the local signage. This preliminary study was designed to map the differences between Israeli road signs design, based on the Vienna Convention, and American road signs design, based on the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). The signs were distributed into five categories: similar signs (Israeli and American) in all aspects (shape, color and sign-content); similar in shape and color but different in sign-content; similar in sign-content but different in shape and color; different in all aspects; and signs that exist in one country (Israel or USA), but do not exist in the other. The next stage of this study was to rate all signs (Israeli and American) according to two ergonomic principles: sign-content compatibility and standardization. Results of this analysis showed great variability in road signs design. Among Israeli signs that were different from the equivalent American sign, there were signs that were poorly designed in terms of ergonomic principles and therefore it is assumed that non local drivers will find it difficult to understand their meaning. Future study will examine comprehension level of signs from the 5 categories mentioned, among American tourist drivers.
Ä°hsan Uluocak
Çukurova University, Turkey
Title: Dynamic Simulation of Automobile Crankshaft
Time : 12:00 – 12:20
Biography:
İhsan Uluocak was born in Istanbul in 1988. He is a PhD student and has been working as a research assistant at the Mechanical Engineering Department of Çukurova University since 2011.
Abstract:
Crankshafts are one of the most important parts of a reciprocating engine. Ä°t basically connects driveline system to the pistons which gives the motion. Main aim of Crankshaft systems designs are to have lower bearing forces, lower torsional vibrations and higher fatigue strength. But, due to complexity of the geometry, lack of manufacturing quality and nonlinear forces, it is hard to analyze the characteristics of the crankshaft. In this paper, a 2D representation of a crankshaft model was built with load information from connecting rods and other specifications. The resultant bearing forces and harmonics of the crankshafts were calculated with given datas. The AVL Excite software program was used to simulate the crankshaft of an engine.
Ali Shaeri
National Iranian Oil Engineering and Construction, Tehran, Iran
Title: Evaluation of the causes of increasing the pressure drop of fixed bed reactor in RCD unit
Time : 12:20 – 12:40
Biography:
Ali shaeri is a student in PhD (Passed General Exam) and working in NIOEC as a senior process engineer. He is member of IPS and teaching in the university and member of a Scientific Mission in Elmi- Karbordi University. He was responsible for commissioning and pre-commissioning of process units in Arak Refinery Expansion Project.
Abstract:
The unit of RCD (Reduced Crude Desulfurization) was applied for decreasing of Sulfur, CCR (coradson carbon residue), metals of heavy feeds AR (Atmospheric Residue) and VR (Vacuum Residue), and prepared the feed of RFCC (Reduced Fluid Catalytic Cracking) unit. The unit includes the following parts: 1. Feed Pretreating (Filter) Section 2. Reactor Section 3. Fractionator Section 4. Make-up Hydrogen Compression Section Capacity is 69180 BPSD.These compounds are easily converted to H2S. However, feedstocks containing heteroatomic aromatic molecules are more difficult to process. Desulfurization of these compounds proceeds by initial ring opening and sulfur removal followed by saturation of the resulting olefin. Thiophene is considered 15 times more difficult to process compared to diethylsulfide. There is 5 fix bed reactors used and allowable pressure drop for each reactor is max 0.7 bar approximately. All data is actual and extracted from DCS, we had faced down with more than 7 bar pressure drop in the 2nd reactor. This paper discussed about what was actual happening.
Erinç Uludamar
Çukurova University, Turkey
Title: Vibration Analysis of a Diesel Engine Fuelled With Sunflower and Canola Biodiesels
Time : 12:10 - 12:30
Biography:
Erinç ULUDAMAR was born in Adana/TURKEY in 1986. He is a PhD student and has been working as a research assistant at the Mechanical Engineering Department of Çukurova University since 2010.
Abstract:
Biodiesel is one of the most popular alternative fuel. The usage of biodiesel is increasing day by day. Therefore, all effects of biodiesel on internal combustion engines must be known. In this study, vibration effect of canola (rapeseed), sunflower biodiesel and their blends with low sulphur diesel fuel was investigated. Fuels were tested in a four cylinder four stroke diesel engine at 1300, 1600, 1900, 2200, 2500 and 2800 rpm engine speed. The results showed that with the use of biodiesel blend with low sulphur diesel fuel up to 40% proportions, vibration values get significantly lower at all engine speeds. The least vibration value for most of the fuel was observed with the use of 60% biodiesel blend. The results were also individually interpreted in longitude, vertical and lateral axes.
Ahmet Serdar Önal
Beyçelik Gestamp, Turkey
Title: Crash behavior of telescopic crash box with aluminum foam
Time : 15:40 – 16:00
Biography:
Mr. Ahmet Serdar Önal received BSc. degree in mechanical engineering from Pamukkale University and MSc. Degree in mechanical engineering from Uludağ University. He is a PhD Candidate at the Mechanical Engineering Department of Uludağ University, Engineering Faculty. He is interested in the subject of hot stamping process (PHD), industrial waste heat recovery systems based on ORC, %100 quality control systems, electrical resistance welding of boron alloyed steels, production line optimisation, crashworthiness optimization of energy absorption structures. Mr. Önal has currently been working as a R&D New Technology Engineer at the Beyçelik Gestamp R&D Center, Bursa/TURKEY.
Abstract:
The objective of this paper is to improve the energy absorption performance of crash box that are placed behind the bumper in automotive vehicles. In order to maximize the absorbed energy, new telescopic box geometry with aluminum foam-filled is introduced. Impact progressive collapse behaviors of the two boxes were simulated using the explicit finite element code, Ls-Dyna. Impact behaviors and energy absorption capacity of empty and foam filled telescopic boxes were compared. It is numerically observed that the telescopic crash box is not easily folded and absorbs impact energy similarly to the conventional one. Also, numerical simulation shows that in terms of achieving maximum energy absorption, telescopic crash geometry and filling the box with aluminum foam can be preferable to thickening the box wall. Finally, it is found that energy absorption capacity of telescopic crash box with aluminum foam is % 47 higher than the empty box.
Chih-Wei Pai
Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
Title: Accidents involving pedestrians walking along with/against traffic: An evaluation of crash characteristics and injuries
Time : 16:00 – 16:20
Biography:
Chih-Wei Pai is Assistant professor at Taipei Medical University TaiwanHospital & Health Care. Publications autherised by CHIH-WEI PAI 1.Exploring motorcycle red-light violation in response to pedestrian green signal countdown device. 2.Cyclists' red-light running behaviours: an examination of risk-taking, opportunistic, and law-obeying behaviours. 3.Motorcyclists violating hook-turn area at intersections in Taiwan: an observational study. 4.Automobile drivers' willingness to pay for moving violation behaviour--compared to motorcyclists.
Abstract:
Using A1 A2 police-reported accident data for years 2003 – 2010 in Taiwan, the paper examines anatomic injuries and crash characteristics specific to pedestrians in “facing traffic†and “back to traffic†crashes. There were 2768 and 7558 accidents involving pedestrians walking along with/against traffic respectively. Injuries sustained by pedestrians and crash characteristics in these two crash types were compared with those in other crash types (nearside crash, nearside dart-out crash, offside crash, offside dart-out crash). Main findings include that “back to traffic†crashes resulted in more severe injuries, and pedestrians in “back to traffic†crashes had increased head, neck, and spine injuries than those in other crash types; and there was an elevated risk of head injuries in unlit darkness and NBU (non built-up) roadways. Several crash features (e.g., unlit darkness, overtaking maneuvers, phone use by pedestrians and drivers, intoxicated drivers) appear to be over-involved in “back to traffic†crashes. The implications of the research findings regarding pedestrian/driver education, enforcement, and remedial engineering design are discussed.
Ali Can Yilmaz
Çukurova University, Turkey
Title: GRNN and MFFNN Models for Energy Equivalent Speed Prediction and Fault Rate Determination of Involvements in Traffic Accidents: A case study in Turkey
Time : 16:20 – 16:40
Biography:
Ali Can YILMAZ graduated from Istanbul University Dept. of Mechanical Engineering in 2007. He has completed his MSc education in Cukurova University, Dept. of Automotive Engineering and he is currently PhD student in the same university and department. Combustion in engines, alternative fuels, renewable energy systems and traffic accident reconstruction are some of the interested study fields of him.
Abstract:
There are some deficiencies in defining fault rates in \\\"No.2918 Turkish Highway Traffic Act\\\" in Turkey. Fault rates are determined according to initiative of accident experts (sometimes no speed analyses of vehicles, just procession of accident) and there are no specific quantitative instructions on fault rates related to procession of accident in act. Mostly, only consistence situation of accident does not yield adequate data in determining fault rate. The most important parameters for determination of fault rates are the speeds of vehicles which correspond to more comprehensive parameter, Energy Equivalent Speed (EES). In this study, data collected from accident scene (police reports, skid marks, deformation situation of involvements, crush depth etc.) were inserted properly into the software called “vCrash†which is able to simulate the accident scene in 2D and 3D. Then, 784 parameters, related to calculating EES with a prediction error, were prepared according to several accidents. These parameters were also used as teaching data for the Multi-layer Feed Forward Neural Network (MFFNN) and Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) models in order to predict EES values of involvements, which give idea about severity and dissipation of deformation energy corresponding to the observed vehicle residual crush and finally fault rates, without requirement of performing simulation for probable accidents in future. Using 10-fold cross validation on the dataset, standard error of estimates (SEE) and multiple correlation coefficients (R) of both models are calculated. The GRNN-based model yields lower SEE whereas the MFFNN-based model yields higher R. Assuming a fault rate scale, fault rates of involvements were determined based on predicted EES values of involvements. Every predetermined increment in EES of specific involvement was deemed as a specific increment in fault rate of the same involvement to carry out a systematic and scientific approach.
Erinç Uludamar
Çukurova University, Turkey
Title: Finite Element Analysis of Electric Bike Rims Coupled with Hub Motor
Time : 16:40 – 17:00
Biography:
Erinç ULUDAMAR was born in Adana/TURKEY in 1986. He is a PhD student and has been working as a research assistant at the Mechanical Engineering Department of Çukurova University since 2010.
Abstract:
In this study, static and fatigue analysis of three different electrical bikes’ rim which are coupled with electrical hub motor is investigated. Loading conditions were applied on rim in order to simulate driving forces that exert on road conditions. Analysis results of three rims were compared with each other. According to results, sharp edges increase von-Mises stresses and decrease fatigue safety factor due to stress concentration on the corners. Also, it was observed that contact area of spokes to flange affects the total deformation and von-Mises stress distribution. Three dimensional models of the rims were designed with the aid of CATIA V5 and their computational analyses were carried out with ANSYS WORKBENCH software program.
Biography:
Technical director at R&D Center of Great Wall Motor Company. Responsible for the vehicle lightweight design, vehicle integration and CAE simulation etc. Over eight years professional experiences in the automotive industry with full vehicle integration, vehicle body/chassis CAE, multidisciplinary design optimization, safety optimization, reliability-based design optimization for complex engineering systems under uncertainties. Understanding of engineering functions within product development process, from concept design, target setting and cascading, design and release, evaluation and verification. Authored over 14 research articles and over 14 invited speeches in cross-disciplinary fields of automotive industry and mechanical engineering. Serve as peer reviewer for several international journals and conferences.
Abstract:
Automotive industry today is challenged by a large number of complex and often conflicting constraints and requirements such as reduce the cost and weight of vehicles, compress vehicle development cycle time, and improve product performances, e.g., Safety, NVH, Durability, etc. More recently, multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a systematic tool to integrate all the attributes in vehicle design and find a compromise solution to satisfy those stringent performances and requirements. In addition, as most computer aided engineering (CAE) simulations are computation intensive, special optimization methods and processes are often required. This presentation will focus on historical developments and applications of optimization and robustness methods for vehicle designs. It will address significant technologies, such as advanced model bias updating method, data mining based design space identification involving large-scale engineering problems, and score function based reliability design method considering data uncertainty. Lastly, a vehicle example of minimizing the weight and satisfying safety and NVH requirements is presented to demonstrate the proposed methodology.
Biography:
Ahmed Helal is a student in faculty of engineering Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design. He is 22 years old.
Abstract:
We must always be looking for ways to avoid the occurrence of traffic accidents that occur when you increase the speed or a defect in the car's steering wheel imbalance And the development of automotive engineering should be looking for the causes of accidents and to which the causes mistakes in automobile production and treatment before finding a welfare The statistics indicate the death of about 1.24 million people die each year as a result of traffic accidents .{world health organization } With technological advances, it is sheer shame we have to transfer idly without save these lives that die day after day should not be late; it is our responsibility of all of us (production engineers) Now, with all this technology, addressing the problems of cars and protect passengers not only our goal, but now we have to find a way to avoid the occurrence of cars and anticipate events before they occur These are some proposals that can assist in making safe cars expect accidents and ensure driver and passenger:- 1. The development of the next generation of vehicles to be equipped with computers with 360 degrees of the vehicle in the event of a traffic accident, to drive on their own to find alternative routes or refer to the need to use the brakes on fast launches consulting within five seconds to prevent car accidents 2. The development of modern technologies and innovative applications thus reducing accidents and reduce the incidence of collisions and the realization of the principle of safe driving technology, cameras, radar and Ultrasonic sensors. 3. It also includes a safety alert system of cars in transit from the back that tells you what car approaching from one when driving toward the back and at the corner between two large 4. System alert when the deviation to alert the driver that deviation unintentionally or without running the warning signs when driving faster than 30 miles per hour
Vladimir Voskoboinick
Institute of Hydromechanics NASU, Ukraine
Title: Noise and separation reduction by the dimpled surfaces
Biography:
Vladimir Voskoboinick has completed his Ph.D in 1993 and Doctor of Engineering Sciences in 2013 in Mechanics of Fluid, Gas and Plasma from Institute of Hydromechanics of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine. He is the leading scientist of Department of Hydrobionics and Boundary Layer Control of Institute of Hydromechanics NASU. His current research is interdisciplinary and focuses on a wide range of topics within the field of Fluid Mechanics, Hydroacoustics, Bioengineering, Heat and Mass Transfer. He has published more than 200 papers in reputed journals and conference proceedings.
Abstract:
The separation flow is observed when the bluff body, for example, car, train, airplane or ship is streamlined. In separation region the large-scale vortex structures are generated, which under certain conditions form the Karman vortex street. These large-scale vortex structures are sources of intense hydrodynamic noise. The use of dimpled surfaces before region of the boundary layer separation reduces the separation areas, and also the scale vortex structures. This reduces the streamlined body drag, the flow noise and the wake behind the bluff body. The mechanisms of formation and evolution of the coherent vortex structures inside boundary layers on streamlined bodies and in separation flow over cavities, which generate pseudosound fluctuations, have been comprehensively studied in the work. Physic simulations of vortex flow have carried out in a wind tunnel, in a hydrodynamic trough and in a narrow hydrodynamic channel on the streamlined hydraulically smooth flat hard and inside cavities in the form of half-cylindrical trench, cross-streamlined oval dimple, hemispherical and deep spherical dimples. Different visualization methods of the flow have been applied in experimental investigations. Also the complex measured techniques are used to determine various kinematical and dynamical parameters of boundary layer, separation flow both inside and behind cavities. Characteristics of the pressure and velocity fields were determined by the miniature piezoceramic sensors of pressure fluctuations, piezoresistive sensors of static and dynamic pressure, hot-wire and hot-film anemometers. Integral, space-time correlation and wave-number frequency spectral characteristics of vortex flow and pseudosound wall-pressure fluctuations were analyzed in detail. Verification of experimental results for canonical external and internal flows was done. The forming features of coherent vortex structures were detected in boundary layers and in separation flows. The different types, trajectories of motion of coherent vortex structures, which are generated inside cavities and are injected outside in boundary layer, and wide-scale geometrical, frequency and temporal characteristics of velocity and pressure fields of coherent vortex structures for different streamlined surfaces and flow regimes have been defined. It was shown that the miniature piezoceramic pressure fluctuation sensors, which have a flush-mounted at the streamlined surface, do not any perturbs into the external flow under investigation and allow to reliably identify the coherent vortex structures in real temporal scale. The set of recommendations for generation processes of stable or quasi-stable vortex structures with minimum form drag and given parameters were proposed for different streamlined regimes of cavities.
- Hybrid, Plug-in Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, Business Aspects of Automotive Industry, Environmental Implications of Automobiles, Fuel Economy and Emissions, Engine and Transmission Technologies, Manufacturing Technologies and Testing, Assisted and Automated Driving
Location: Meliá Valencia
Chair
Dr. Kadir Aydin
Çukurova University
Co-Chair
Dr. Lara Carlson
University of New England
Session Introduction
Gregor GregorÄiÄ
qpunkt GmbH, Austria
Title: Thermal Management in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Biography:
Gregor GregorÄiÄ received the degree in electrical engineering and computer science from the University of Maribor, Slovenia, in 1998 and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, in 2004. At present, he is a team leader of the Modelling and Advanced Control Group at qpunkt in Graz, Austria. His research area covers model-based predictive control systems, system identification as well as applications of local model networks and neuro/fuzzy systems for nonlinear modeling and control. His current research is concentrated on development of advanced control strategies applied to complex thermal systems in the automotive industry.
Abstract:
Rapid increase of electrification in vehicles requires batteries which are sensitive to temperature change. In order to increase a lifetime and the efficiency, the battery needs to operate at well-defined temperature levels. In comparison with a battery, the electric motor operates at different temperature level and the power electronics operates at another temperature level. The temperature and the humidity in the passenger cabin must assure a high level of comfort. This requires an air-conditioning system, which again operates at different temperature level. Multiple levels of operational temperatures require an effective thermal management of the overall vehicle. The thermal management must also assure that components operate at high efficiency, which provides the best trade-off between the mileage and the passenger comfort. Since thermal processes are nonlinear in nature, the thermal management is a complex process. To cope with nonlinearities and the complexity, advanced model based predictive paradigms must be utilised. In this talk, the advanced approaches used in thermal management will be presented. The nonlinear control of some of components will be shown and the optimisation techniques for increase of energy efficiency of thermal cycles in electric and hybrid vehicles will be discussed.
Biography:
Hussein Mouftah is a Senior Canada Research Chair Professor since 2002, and a University Distinguished Professor since 2006 at the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of the University of Ottawa. He has been with the ECE Dept. at Queen's University (1979-2002), where he was prior to his departure a Full Professor and the Department Associate Head. He has six years of industrial experience mainly at Bell Northern Research of Ottawa. He has published extensively and was the recipient of several Best Paper awards and numerous prestigious career achievements awards. Dr. Mouftah is a FIEEE, FRSC, FCAE and FEIC.
Abstract:
Smart Grids and Intelligent Transportation Systems would be the main infrastructures within Smart Cities. At the same time, Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs) are expected to be widely adopted as passenger cars and as commercial vehicle fleets in these smart cities since they have low carbon emissions and low operating costs. However PEVs pose a number of challenges to the smart grid due to their heavy charging load while vehicle batteries emerge as promising Distributed Energy Resources that can be used for the benefit of the smart grid. Challenges and opportunities emerging from electric vehicle integration to the smart grid brought forward numerous recent works that address architectures, models and networks to enable communications and control for electric vehicles. Electric vehicle and smart grid interaction is a newly flourishing research field receiving significant attention from communications, power and automotive societies. In this talk we will present a comprehensive background on the subject matter, present state-of-the-art architectures, models and networks in the domain and provide a thorough list of open issues which is invaluable for the researchers who are planning to steer their research direction to this area as well as expert researchers who are already actively working on this topic and seeking new directions.
Sungwha Hong
Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
Title: Development of a Mode Shift Control Algorithm for a Dual Mode Power Split Type Hybrid Electric Vehicle with On/Off Type Clutch and Brake
Time : 11:00 - 11:20
Biography:
Sungwha Hong has completed his bachelor degree in mechanical engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, Korea in 2011. He is currently working toward the Ph. D. degree at Sungkyunkwan University. His research interests include modeling, design and control of the powertrain system for the hybrid electric vehicle and electric vehicle. Hyunsoo Kim* received his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA in 1986. Since 1986, he has worked as a Professor, Chairman, and Dean of the College of Engineering at Sungkyunkwan University. His research interests include Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) transmission system design, shift control for PHEV and HEV.
Abstract:
This paper presents a mode shift control algorithm for a dual mode power split type hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with on/off type clutch and brake. The investigated dual mode power split type HEV consists of an engine, two motor-generators (MG1 and MG2), two planetary gear sets, on/off type (dog type) clutch and a brake. The target dual mode HEV requires 4 mode shift: 1)electric vehicle (EV) mode to input split mode, 2)input split mode to compound split mode, 3)compound split mode to input split mode, 4)compound split mode to EV mode. To evaluate the shift performance of the HEV, dynamic models for the HEV powertrain were developed. Using the dynamic models, a mode shift performance simulator was developed and mode shift performance simulations were performed. To analyze the transient shift characteristic of the target HEV, Bondgraph models for the transient shift state from the input split mode to compound split mode were constructed and shift dynamic equations were derived. Based on the shift dynamic equations, a mode shift control algorithm which determines the demanded torque of the engine, MG1 and MG2 during the mode shift was proposed to obtain improved the shift quality (SQ). The proposed control algorithm consists of a)Engine control, b)MG1 control and b)MG2 control. Performance of the mode shift control algorithm was evaluated using the simulator. From the simulation results, it was found that the target HEV which applied the on/off type clutch and brake can satisfy the required SQ by the cooperative control of the engine, MG1 and MG2 torque.
EstefanÃa Hervás Blasco
Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
Title: Development of a new powertrain concept based on the integration of electric generation, energy recovery and storage
Time : 11:20 - 11:40
Biography:
EstefanÃa Hervás Blasco is an Engineer from the Politechnical University of Valencia (UPV). She is a PhD student (on optimization of thermal systems consumption) at the Energy Engineering Institute within a team composed by Emilio Navarro Peris (he completed his PhD in 2006, is an assistant professor at the UPV and a experienced researcher who has a great number of publications) and José Miguel Corberán (he completed his PhD in 1984, a professor at the UPV, has published several books, has a great number of contributions to the science, is the main researcher for more than 25 years, the director of the Institute and, among others, the spanish represant of different International Institutions).
Abstract:
The present concern in the reduction of C02 emissions occasioned by heavy duty trucks is leading to a technological evolution in powertrain electrification as well as to the use of cleaner fuels. Towards this objective, the EU has funded in the frame of the 7th framework program the project GASTone. This is a collaborative project between several private and public companies and institutions: CRF, FTP, Continental, GENTHERM, MAGNA and U. Politécnica de Valencia, targeting the development of a new powertrain concept based on the integration of electric generation, energy recovery and storage with engine system and control strategies The main features of this beltless engine concept are: - The energy recovery from the exhaust gases heat with a cascade approach thanks to the adoption of an advanced thermoelectric generator and a turbo-generator. - The integration of a smart kinetic energy recovery system to substitute the alternator and generate electricity during decelerations. - The electrification of the main auxiliaries by using the produced electric energy. The current average performance in a Natural Engine is about 38%; with this new concept is expected to rise this number by 4% thanks to the engine improvement, by 1% due to the modification of the liquid charge air cooler, by 2% from the reduction of the belt drive and gear losses, by 1% from the system strategy and management optimization and by 7% from the exhaust heat recovery (thermo-electric generator and turbo-generator).
Kwangki Jeon
KATECH, Korea
Title: Fail-Safe Control for One Brake-by-Wire Actuator Failure Case using Brake Safety Evaluation Index and Response Surface Method
Biography:
Kwangki Jeon has completed his PhD from Seoul National University (School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering) of Repulic of Korea in 2013. He is the senior reseacher of Korea Automotive Technology Institute(KATECH), a chassis platform R&D center organization. He has published 7 papers in reputed journals. His research interests are vehicle dynamics, vehicle control and intelligent chassis systems.
Abstract:
Limited natural resources and environmental problems have led to increasing interest in eco-friendly vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles(FCEVs), and pure electric vehicles. Regenerative braking in a traction motor which generates electric energy and saves it in a battery in braking situations, enhances the energy efficiency of those eco-friendly vehicles. For cooperating with the fast regenerative braking system, brake-by-wire(BBW) systems could be reasonable substitutes for the current slow hydraulic brake systems due to their fast and accurate response. Advances in design and control technologies of BBW systems have enabled the introduction of such systems, which could potentially be commercialized as replacements for current hydraulic brake systems in the near future. Because passenger safety directly depends on the functional safety and reliability of a brake system and the failure modes that may occur in a BBW system differ from those experienced in conventional brake systems such as hydraulic or pneumatic braking, a large variety of fail-safe, fault-tolerant, and fault detection methods have been developed to enhance the safety and robustness of BBW systems. In previous work, we proposed brake safety evaluation index(E-BSI1) as a quantitative metric for evaluating the fail-safe control strategies of a BBW system. E-BSI1 is the combination of a longitudinal deceleration deviation term and a lateral deviation term of the vehicle in a braking situation. In the present study, we propose a new fail-safe control strategy for one BBW actuator failure case using a new brake safety evaluation index(E-BSI2) and response surface method. The E-BSI2 is the combination of a longitudinal deceleration deviation term and yaw rate ratio term of a vehicle in straight braking situations. The proposed E-BSI2 is used as an objective (cost) function in the response surface method for designing the optimal braking force re-distribution for one BBW actuator failure case.
Ji in Park
KATECH, Korea
Title: The Development of Dynamic Model and Power Assist Control Logic of Hybrid EPS for Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Biography:
Ji in Park has completed his B.S. and M.S. degrees in mechanical engineering from Seoul National University. He is a research engineer of Chassis Platform Center of Korea Automotive Technology Institute (KATECH). His research interests are vehicle stability control, BBW system, ADAS system and electronic power steering system.
Abstract:
At present, a hydraulic power steering system is largely used in heavy-duty vehicles. The main problem of this system, however, is that energy loss occurs mostly in straight-line driving situations (few or no steering situation), so a number of studies have researched about an application of electronic power steering system to commercial vehicles. In this paper, we introduce the dynamic model and control strategy of the Hybrid Electro Power Steering (Hybrid EPS) system which combines the Motor Driven Power Steering system (MDPS) and the Electro Hydraulic Power Steering system (EHPS). In order to integrate the control logic of MDPS and EHPS, the input and output variables of these control logics should be same. To harmonize these two control rules, we establish the model of the additional assist-boost map that defines the relationship between the assist-steering torque and the EHPS-pump-rotation speed based on the simulation model established by Matlab/Simulink and TruckSim. Using the additional assist-boost map, the integrated control strategy is designed to determine the total magnitude of the assistant steering torque and to distribute the assistant torque to the MDPS and EHPS. The dynamic model and cotnrol logic of Hybrid EPS is consistent with the test data of the conventional heavy-duty vehicle. This approach can be applied to design the optimal control logic for minimizing the energy consumption of Hybrid EPS.
Diego A. Ballén-Daza
University of São Paulo, Brazil
Title: Design and CFD analysis of a high downforce rear wing in a Formula SAE racing car
Biography:
Diego A. Ballén-Daza completed his undergraduate in Physics at the age of 26 years from Industrial University of Santander, in Colombia, obtaining Laureate Undergraduate Project for his final research project. Then, he traveled to Brazil to start a Master degree in the University of São Paulo, where currently is finishing a research in aerodynamics of racing cars. He is the head of Aerodynamics department of the EESC-USP Formula SAE Team in the University of Paulo. He has published 4 articles about fluid motion in astrophysics.
Abstract:
A design and analysis in CFD of a rear wing that generates high downforce is presented. Its dimensions are set up under the 2015 rules of the Formula SAE World Championship. Most circuits of this competition are characterized by sharp and accentuated curves demanding a vehicle with special ability for turning as fast as possible. In order to obtain high performance, is necessary a car with a special aerodynamic package that creates high downforce to generate sufficient grip between the tires and asphalt of the track. Until 2014 the aerodynamics dimensions was not strongly regulated, permitting to create aerodynamic devices with large frontal areas to obtain high downforce. Now, the 2015 regulations constrain the size of the wings, avoiding the implementation of wings with these characteristics. The main idea in our work is to show a way of recovering the downforce lost by decreasing of size, through optimization of the lift coefficient using different strategies, like creation of a special aerodynamic profile, optimization positioning, implementation of Gurney flap, vortex generators, beam wing and slats, among others. In addition, are described all of geometric and physical parameters used in a CFD simulation, and a general analysis with the overall results found.
Arjun Jamedar
Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology, India
Title: R.A.W. car (Road, Air, Water Car)
Biography:
Arjun Jamedar was born on 3/10/1995 and completed his schooling at ‘Stanley model school’ in year 2011. At his schooling itself he has got a state level prize for his paper presentation. Now, am doing his graduation (engineering) at Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology. Representing the college, he went to national level competition IFAST-2015 and got national award and reward for his model R.A.W. car.
Abstract:
The name of the project is RAW car. It means a car which moves on Road, Air, and Water. This car is very useful for defense purpose and for the cops to catch the criminals. A criminal can escape by any way, by using any means of transport. So this car is useful to catch them. This car is made, such that it can move from road to air, air to water, road to water, water to air, water to road, air to road. Impact on society: This car will have a greater impact in the Defense field. R.A.W. Car can be used to help people who are stuck in regions where normal helicopters or cars cannot go. The car which has been designed is of two different types. Type (1): • A motor for both Road, Water motion. • A motor for Air motion. Type (2): • A motor for all Road, Air, Water motion. In type one, the car normally looks like the other cars which we see on roads and have the same motion on road with the same engine but for the movement on water, there are some design changes to wheels. So that it can float on water and have its motion. For flying in the air, a quadcopter has been utilized. In type (2) car, utilizing a quadcopter all three motions has been tested. In practical, we can use the type (1) car as it uses petrol (if made big), and white petrol to fly in necessary time. Coming to type (2), which runs completely on quadcopter, it uses white petrol to for motion. Keeping the cost into account, type (1) car has been designed.
EstefanÃa Hervás Blasco
Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
Title: Model of a new powertrain concept based on the integration of electric generation, energy recovery and storage
Time : 14:50 – 15:10
Biography:
EstefanÃa Hervás Blasco is an Engineer from the Politechnical University of Valencia (UPV). She is a PhD student (on optimization of thermal systems consumption) at the Energy Engineering Institute within a team composed by Emilio Navarro Peris (he completed his PhD in 2006, is an assistant professor at the UPV and an experienced researcher who has a great number of publications) and José Miguel Corberán (he completed his PhD in 1984, a professor at the UPV, has published several books, has a great number of contributions to the science, is the main researcher for more than 25 years, the director of the Institute and, among others, the spanish represant of different International Institutions).
Abstract:
The growing need for a sustainable transport has brought researches a potential improvement of the engine thermal efficiency. In that line, more than 50% of the available energy from the fuel is not used in Gas Engines. In order to recover part of this energy, a global approach which integrates a combination of different alternatives to increase the system efficiency is of major relevance and in that direction the development of accurate models is crucial. In this contribution a dynamic model in order to analyze the potential of a new powertrain concept focused on the recovery of a portion of kinetic energy and waste gases heat is presented. The model analyzes the beltless engine concept based on the electrification of the main auxiliaries and the implementation of a kinetic energy recovery system and the use of the heat from exhaust gases through a thermoelectric generator and a turbo-component. The model has a modular structure allowing changes on the circuit configurations and on the present components. The model architecture makes easier the study and determination of the most suitable configurations, the optimum control of the system and the possible obtained benefits in terms of fuel saving for a target driving cycle based on European heavy duties roads, speed and torque. The global structure of the model allows anticipating the impact of every possible condition/element modification and gives the capability of analyzing the effect of the components within a whole system and not only in one part of it.
Sunyoung Park
Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
Title: A Comparative Study on Power Characteristics and Mode Control Algorithm for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Time : 15:10 – 15:30
Biography:
Sunyoung Park received B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, in 2014, where she has been working toward the M.S. degree. Her research interests include the powertrain system, control strategy of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Hyunsoo Kim* received his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA in 1986. Since 1986, he has worked as a Professor, Chairman, Dean of the College of Engineering and Executive Vice President at Sungkyunkwan University. His research interests include design and control of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) transmission system.
Abstract:
In this paper, a comparative analysis was performed on power characteristics and mode control algorithm for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs): Honda Accord and Toyota Prius+. The power characteristic analysis of the target PHEVs was conducted to obtain the operating range of the possible vehicle velocity and driveshaft torque for each driving mode such as EV, HEV mode and Series mode. For each mode, the system efficiency was calculated by considering the powertrain component(motor, generator, engine, planetary gear set and clutch) efficiency and vehicle driving condition such as vehicle velocity and driveshaft torque since the powertrain component efficiency changes depending on the vehicle driving condition. Using the calculated system efficiency, a mode shift map was developed for each driving mode. Based on the developed mode shift map, the mode control algorithm was proposed to obtain the improved system efficiency. The vehicle performance simulator and control algorithm such as regenerative braking control and engine optimal operating line control were developed for target PHEVs. The proposed mode control algorithm was applied to each target PHEVs. Through the simulation results, a comparative analysis was performed on the power characteristics and mode control algorithm for the target PHEVs. This comparative analysis can be used to design the power-split PHEV configuration and to develop the optimal mode change algorithm.
Ali Shaeri
NIOEC, Iran
Title: Simulation the Continuous Catalytic Reforming (Octanizer) Unit of Arak Refinery Gasoline Production Complex with PETROSIM Software
Time : 15:30 – 15:50
Biography:
Ali shaeri is a student in PhD (Passed General Exam) and working in NIOEC as a senior process engineer. He is member of IPS and teaching in the university and member of a Scientific Mission in Elmi- Karbordi University. He was responsible for commissioning and pre-commissioning of process units in Arak Refinery Expansion Project.
Abstract:
Naphtha catalytic reforming is one of the most important and key processes in any refineries. In this process, mainly gasoline is produced with high octane number and in petrochemical complexes expensive Aromatics such as benzene, toluene and xylene are also produced. Consideringin creasing need and the importance of quality and quantity of desirable gasoline , it is necessary to simulate the process of naphtha catalytic reforming to achieve the best values of operational variables , enforcing the best solution in dealing with fluctuations and changes in processing conditions, identification and removing bottlenecks , reducing production costs by the simulation of above mentioned process. In this research, firstly the processes leading to the production of high octane gasoline in the naphtha catalytic reforming are explained with continuous catalyst regeneration unit of Esfahan oil refinery then has been stimulated by PETROSIM software.
Hasan AydoÄŸan
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Turkey
Title: An Experimental Study of the Effects of Camelina Biodiesel on Engine Emissions
Biography:
Hasan AydoÄŸan is a PhD in engineering department. His major is renewable energy and biodiesel. Currently he is appointed as an Assist. Prof. Dr. in the Mechanical Engineering Department program of the Technology Faculty of Selcuk University.
Abstract:
Being one of the most primary inputs of everyday life and the industrial world, energy has been used in various ways since the first existence of human beings. When we look at the types of energy used today, we can see that the mainly used types of fuels are fossil based. CO2 is emitted as a result of the combustion of fossil-based fuels. The increasing amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere create a greenhouse effect. Biofuels have been becoming prevalent rapidly because of constantly gaining economic value and concordantly having less negative effects on the environment. All plant and animal based substances with carbohydrate compounds as main components are biofuel resources. This study includes an examination of the different kinds of biofuels and their effects regarding environmental-related aspects.
Abhik Rathod
VIT University, India
Title: Evaluation of properties for Hybrid Al-SiC-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite for Brake Pads
Time : 15:50 – 16:10
Biography:
Abhik Rathod has completed his B.Tech at the age of 21 years from Gujarat Technological University in June 2012 and M.Tech from VIT University, Vellore in May 2015. Currently he is an Intern at Volvo India Pvt. Ltd. (VIPL) Bangalore. He has presented 1 research papers in international conference Global Congress on Manufacturing and Management (GCMM 2014) held on 8-10 December, 2014 at VIT University, Vellore and published 2 research papers in reputed journals. He has participated in Summer School on Automotive Manufacturing and management held on 21st July 2014 to 1st August 2014 at Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt (THI), Germany.
Abstract:
In engineering application MMC is playing vital role due to its mechanical and physical properties. In automobile sector they are mainly used due to its high strength to weight ratio, light weight, low cost and good behavior. The aim of this research is to develop carbon fiber and SiC reinforced hybrid Aluminium metal matrix composite for automotive brake pad application. In present study the mechanical and wear behavior of hybrid Aluminium metal matrix composite reinforced with SiC and carbon fiber with five different formulation of varying carbon fiber content by 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 volume fraction along with fixed content of SiC(20%) reinforcement has been discussed. Brake pad is manufactured via route of powder metallurgy which is widely preferred due to its low cost, high volume production, ease of operation, sustainability and attractive manufacturing process. Also brake pads are developed with hybrid composite (Light alloy Aluminium 6061 reinforced with SiC and carbon fiber (3K Grade of 0.5mm)) to augment the strength and wear resistance and explore the advantage of low density of the matrix.
Ibrahim Yahuza
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Nigeria
Title: A Review of Ethanol-Diesel Blend as a Fuel in Compression-Ignition Engine
Time : 16:10 – 16:30
Biography:
I. Yahuza has completed his M.Eng. at the age of 29 years from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi Nigeria. He is the Examination Officer of the Department of Automobile Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi Nigeria. He has published 5 papers in reputable journals. H. Dandakouta has completed his PhD at the age of 31 years from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi Nigeria. He is the Coordinator of Postgraduate Studies of the Department of Mechanical/Production Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi Nigeria. He has published more than 30 papers in reputable journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Ethanol was produced from saw dust of Masonia wood by means of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. The Ethanol produced was blended with Diesel in different proportions. The fuel properties of the Ethanol-Diesel (ED) blends at different temperatures and load conditions were experimentally investigated. The properties determined were relative density, cloud point, pour point, flash point, viscosity and the calorific value. The Diesel Engine Test Bed (Petter: PJ2W-type, 7227/22.5 BS) was used with ED blends having 5, 10, 15 and 20% ethanol with respectively 95, 90, 85 and 80% diesel on a volume basis to know the performance of the blends. The experimental results of the engine’s performance which include the brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency for the fuel blends were analyzed to know the suitability of using ED blend in Compression Ignition engine. The results show that both the relative density and viscosity of the blends decreased as the ethanol content in the blends was increased. All the blends were found to have the same cloud point of 50C with that of diesel while their pour points vary and differ from that of diesel. All the blends have flash points 65% lower than that of diesel. The calorific values for ED5, ED10, ED15 and ED20 blends were 2, 3, 4 and 6% respectively less than that of diesel. The engine’s performance analysis indicated that there was an increase in brake thermal efficiency of the engine with increased proportion of ethanol in the fuel blends. The ED20 gave higher brake thermal efficiency than the diesel fuel at all load conditions. It was observed that at all loads conditions, the mass flow rate of ED20 was low so, resulting in decreased in specific fuel consumption. At all loads conditions, carbon dioxide emissions increased while hydrocarbon emissions decreased with increased amount of ethanol in the fuel blends, with ED20 showing the least emissions levels. Also, at all loads conditions, NOX emission of the blends was found to be higher than that of standard diesel due to the oxygen concentration and combustion timing. The results found showed that the ED20 (20% ethanol and 80% diesel) can be used in CI engine without any modification.
Pauline Korukundo
KIIRA Motors, Uganda
Title: Development of the KIIRA EV SMACK Supervisory Control Firmware
Time : 16:10 – 16:30
Biography:
Pauline K. is currently doing her Master’s degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at the University of Nottingham, UK. She obtained her BSc. in Telecommunications Engineering from Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, 2012. She has worked on the Kiira EV Project and the Kiira Motors Project, as a Vehicle Electronics and Information Systems Researcher in Kampala, Uganda. Her interests are in control algorithms and high performance computing.
Abstract:
The growth in number and complexity of controlled electrical sub systems in the modern car has created a need for centralized control and an information interchange point. The supervisory controller provides this centralized unit. It interacts with all other networked control electronics hence controlling the dynamic driving demands. In a hybrid car, the complexity is greater because of the extra energy resources integrated into the vehicle. The supervisory controller must therefore provide efficient energy management and performance during the various vehicle specific drive cycles. This work presents the design, implementation and testing of the Kiira EV SMACK vehicle level control with key consideration of range extension capabilities of the hybrid. The Kiira EV SMACK supervisory controller oversees the human machine interfaces, low voltage electronics, the motor and generator controllers, battery management and thermal management systems. It initiates the startup of the low level controllers, implements a power source switching strategy based on speed demands and available energy resources determined by battery state of charge and fuel capacity. A model based firmware development approach was followed with utilization of the MotoHawk rapid prototyping tool built to work with MATLAB Simulink. The firmware was deployment on Woodward\\\'s 112 embedded hardware platform. The testing and verification followed hardware in the loop (HIL) testing methodology.
Daniel Uguru-Okorie
Landmark University, Nigeria
Title: Effect of Supercharging on the Combustion Characteristics of Some Selected Fuels
Time : 16:50 – 17:10
Biography:
D. C. Uguru-Okorie received a B.Eng degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, a MSc. degree in Mechanical Engineering (Thermo-Fluids Option) from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria and he is currently a PhD student in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. He was also a visiting PhD research student in the University of Leeds, UK under the sponsorship of Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF). He is currently a lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Landmark University, Nigeria. His research interests are in the areas of Engines and Combustion.
Abstract:
Spark Ignition engines find wide applications as prime movers in light vehicles and domestic power generating units. The power output of these spark ignition engines could be improved by boosting the intake pressure and compression ratio; however the applications of these are limited by knock in engines. A reduction in cycle-to-cycle variation in engines have been noted by researchers as one of the methods of improving engine efficiency with a study showing that engine efficiency could be increased as much as 10% with a reduction in cycle-to-cycle variation. This study investigated the combustion performance characteristics of two fuels: E5 (95% gasoline and 5% ethanol) and ULG98 (unleaded gasoline) operating at varying inlet pressure conditions and ignition timing in a Spark Ignition engine. A two-stroke, 80mm bore, spark ignition engine was operated at 1.6 and 2.0 bar inlet pressures using E5 and ULG98 fuels at 750 rpm and at spark-timings of 2 and 5 bTDC. A metal top cylinder head with a centralized spark plug was used for all the experiments. The Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP), IMEP Coefficient of Variance (COVIMEP), the Crank Angle of Cycle Peak Pressure (CApmax) Occurrence and the Crank Angle of Occurrence of 10, 50 and 90 % Mass Fraction Burned (MFB) were determined. The results of the increase in engine intake pressure from 1.6 to 2.0 bar, showed an increase in engine IMEP for E5 of 20.7 and 21.5%; and for ULG 98, 24.0 and 20.2 % for 2 and 5 bTDC spark timings respectively. A reduction in the coefficient of variation of the IMEP (COVIMEP) (which is an indicator for cycle-to-cycle variability in engines) by 23.4 % and 15.8 % for E5; and 50% and 26.9% for ULG 98 at spark timings of 2 and 5bTDC respectively. For the crank angle of peak pressure occurrence (CApmax), an increase of 9.4 and 14.6 % for E5 was observed while a decrease of 1.7 and 11.4 % was observed for spark timings of 2 and 5 bTDC respectively. The crank angle of occurrence of the 10, 50 and 90% of MFB for E5 increased with an increase in the inlet pressure by 5.7, 9.9 and 9.8% at 2bTDC and 30, 15.2 and 11.2 % at 5bTDC while ULG 98 showed an increase in burning rate with an increase in inlet pressure as evident in the reduction of the crank angle of occurrence of 10, 50 and 90% MFB by 1.2, 1.7 and 1.9 % at 2bTDC and 22.8, 14.8 and 13.3 at 5bTDC The study established that a reduction in the cycle-to-cycle variation in an engine can be achieved by supercharging or turbo-charging engines; which improves the engine efficiency.