Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Lara A Carlson
University of New England, Maine, USA
Keynote: Hydration Status and Thermoregulatory Responses in Drivers During Competitive Racing
Time : 10:00-10:40
Biography:
Dr. Lara Carlson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at the University of New England. Carlson also has a faculty appointment with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Outside the classroom, Carlson was an U.S. ranked hammer thrower qualifying for four USA Outdoor Track and Field National Championships. Carlson is a Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine, a recipient of the New England ACSM (NEACSM) Honor Award, and was elected President of the NEACSM for an unprecedented second term in their history. Her research interests include the effects of exercise on immune responses, and motorsports physiology.
Abstract:
Stock car drivers are exposed to high ambient temperatures prior to-, and during competition, further complicated by the fact that they are encapsulated in protective clothing; however, the hydration status of these drivers has not been determined. Purpose: To quantify the degree of fluid losses during a competitive event in hot conditions. Methods: Nine male stock car drivers (30  9 yr, 178  3 cm, 83  19 kg) were studied during a Pro Series Division NASCAR race. Sweat rate (SR) and dehydration was determined via nude body weights (BW) pre- and post-race. SR calculations included ~40 min of pre-race activity and ~20 min or racing. Results: Urine loss was considered fluid loss and BW was corrected for fluid and food intake. Pre-race BW was 81.5  18.5 kg and decreased to 81.1  18.5 kg post-race (p=0.001). BW loss post-race was 0.77  0.3% and average sweat rate was 0.63  0.4 L• h-1. Intestinal core increased from 38.0  0.4oC to 38.5  0.4oC post-race (p=0.001). Skin temperature increased from 35.8  0.8oC 36.9  0.8oC post-race (p=0.001), whereas the core-to-skin temperature gradient narrowed from 2.2  0.9oC to 1.6  0.9oC, pre to post-race (p=0.001). Heart rates (HR) post-race were 89  0.0% of the drivers’ age-predicted maximum HR. Conclusion: Fluid losses during competitive racing can be significant, particularly when SR is extrapolated to longer duration events. Without a fluid replacement strategy, fluid losses for these drivers may exceed 3% BW and could negatively impact driving performance.
Keynote Forum
Kyongsu Yi
Seoul National University, South Korea
Keynote: Probabilistic threat assessment with environment description and rule-based multi-traffic prediction for automated driving
Time : 10:40-11:20
Biography:
Koungsu Yi received his BS and MS degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1985 and 1987, respectively, and PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1992. He is a Professor at the School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Seoul National University, Korea. He currently serves as a member of the editorial boards of the KSME, IJAT, and ICROS journals. His research interests include Control Systems, Driver Assistant Systems and Active Safety Systems of ground vehicles.
Abstract:
With a significant progress in sensors, actuators and other technologies for automotive vehicle, numerous safety systems have been active topics of automotive research area. And, in particular, the main challenges lie in active safety systems which are expected to reduce the risk of accidents, improve safety and enhance comfort and performance for drivers. Some of these active safety systems have been already commercialized include Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Electronic Stability Control (ESC), LaneDeparture Warning (LDW), Lane Keeping Support (LKS), Lane Change Assist (LCA) and Collision Mitigation Systems (CMS). Current automotive safety systems can be grouped by in which driving state it occurs. Vehicle driving states can be described by following sequential five states: normal driving state, warning state, crash avoidable state, crash unavoidable state, and post event state. The first three states focus on accident avoidance, while the last three states focus on damage mitigation (with an overlap of the third state). Using the above sequential driving state flow, it is apparent that automotive safety concerns should be addressed with an integrated system approach. Accordingly, as the next generation of the active safety systems, current safety systems on vehicles are becoming integrated and merging so that each system interacts with the other. Therefore, the core of the integrated automotive safety system can be summarized as a threat assessment and decision making method which defines the current driving state of safety and makes the control decision. Various situation assessment methods have been studied previously by many researchers . Generally, the driving situation assessment consists of the following three steps: an estimation of current driving states, a prediction of future driving states and an evaluation of collision risk or their collision type. The current stages of risk metrics are mainly based on the predicted time at which some predefined risky event occurs. The typical predicted time based indices include the time to collision (TTC) or time to impact. Polychronopoulos et al. proposed the predicted time to minimum distance with sensor fusion method. Time to react which means the last point to decelerate or accelerate or steer to avoid the predicted collision has been proposed and analyzed . Berthelot et al. presented an algorithm to compute the probability distribution of TTC induced by an uncertain system input and thus allows to use TTC as a more robust and reliable probabilistic activation condition. Brannstorm et al. estimated perimeter of the object and the set of maneuvers that the host driver can use to avoid a collision. This set of maneuvers is then assessed to determine if the driver needs immediate assistance to avoid or mitigate an accident.